Cancer is now the leading cause of death in the US and traditional approaches to treat cancer have had variable and often minimal success. The recent development of drugs that stimulate the immune system to effectively fight cancer have been a revolution in cancer care. However the mechanisms of how these drugs work, and more generally, how the immune system fights cancer are not well-understood. We have developed novel immunogenic models of cancer that allow for the functional evaluation of components required for effective responses and have also developed new real-time imaging capabilities that allow us to image anti-cancer immune responses in three dimensions over time. These tools enable us to develop and evaluate theoretical models that incorporate variables that determine effective vs ineffective anti-cancer immune responses.